{"id":398,"date":"2006-09-16T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2006-09-16T00:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/janjos1962.drayddns.com\/85\/2006\/09\/16\/a-citao-de-bento-xvi\/"},"modified":"2021-03-22T16:59:48","modified_gmt":"2021-03-22T16:59:48","slug":"a-citao-de-bento-xvi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.janjos.eu\/85\/2006\/09\/16\/a-citao-de-bento-xvi\/","title":{"rendered":"A ‘cita\u00e7\u00e3o’ de Bento XVI"},"content":{"rendered":"

O documento<\/a> na sua plenitude diz respeito ao papel da “raz\u00e3o” na rela\u00e7\u00e3o com Deus. <\/p>\n

Ir buscar um registo de um imperador bizantino em batalha com tropas isl\u00e2micas, por causa de uma invas\u00e3o ocidental, em que\u00a0este afirma\u00a0que \u00e9 id\u00e9ia original do Isl\u00e3o a convers\u00e3o a fio de espada, para contrapor com a convers\u00e3o pela raz\u00e3o no cristianismo \u00e9 um argumento deveras d\u00e9bil.<\/p>\n

Foi relembrado uma doutrina casuistica americana, no debate sobre FAIFE na IFLA, que reza: ‘a\u00a0 liberdade de express\u00e3o n\u00e3o permite gritar “FOGO” num teatro apinhado de gente.”<\/p>\n

A cita\u00e7\u00e3o feita por Bento XVI n\u00e3o \u00e9 exactamente a mesma coisa, mas que encapotadamente lembra “inc\u00eandios” passados, tentando p\u00f4r as as culpas desses inc\u00eandios no Isl\u00e3o, quando na verdade a culpa desse fogo foi Crist\u00e3 \u00e9 muito inapropriada neste “teatro apinhado” de 7 mil milh\u00f5es de pessoas!<\/p>\n

\u00a0As passagens relevantes, em ingl\u00eas rezam: <\/p>\n

\n

This profound sense of coherence within the universe of reason was not troubled, even when it was once reported that a colleague had said there was something odd about our university: it had two faculties devoted to something that did not exist: God. That even in the face of such radical scepticism it is still necessary and reasonable to raise the question of God through the use of reason, and to do so in the context of the tradition of the Christian faith: this, within the university as a whole, was accepted without question.<\/p>\n

I was reminded of all this recently, when I read the edition by Professor Theodore Khoury (M\u00fcnster) of part of the dialogue carried on <\/strong>– perhaps in 1391 in the winter barracks near Ankara <\/strong>– by the erudite Byzantine emperor Manuel II Paleologus and an educated Persian on the subject of Christianity and Islam, and the truth of both. It was presumably the emperor himself who set down this dialogue, during the siege of Constantinople between 1394 and 1402; and this would explain why his arguments are given in greater detail than those of his Persian interlocutor. The dialogue ranges widely over the structures of faith contained in the Bible and in the Qur’an, and deals especially with the image of God and of man, while necessarily returning repeatedly to the relationship between – as they were called – three “Laws” or “rules of life”: the Old Testament, the New Testament and the Qur’an. It is not my intention to discuss this question in the present lecture; here I would like to discuss only one point <\/strong>– itself rather marginal to the dialogue as a whole – which, in the context of the issue of “faith and reason”<\/strong>, I found interesting and which can serve as the starting-point for my reflections on this issue. <\/p>\n

In the seventh conversation (*4V8,>4H – controversy) edited by Professor Khoury, the emperor touches on the theme of the holy war. The emperor must have known that surah 2, 256 reads: “There is no compulsion in religion”. According to the experts, this is one of the suras of the early period, when Mohammed was still powerless and under threat. But naturally the emperor also knew the instructions, developed later and recorded in the Qur’an, concerning holy war. Without descending to details, such as the difference in treatment accorded to those who have the “Book” and the “infidels”, he addresses his interlocutor with a startling brusqueness on the central question about the relationship between religion and violence in general<\/strong>, saying: “Show me just what Mohammed brought that was new, and there you will find things only evil and inhuman, such as his command to spread by the sword the faith he preached”.<\/u><\/strong> The emperor, after having expressed himself so forcefully, goes on to explain in detail the reasons why spreading the faith through violence is something unreasonable. Violence is incompatible with the nature of God and the nature of the soul. “God”, he says, “is not pleased by blood – and not acting reasonably (F\u00d7< 8`(T) is contrary to God's nature. Faith is born of the soul, not the body. Whoever would lead someone to faith needs the ability to speak well and to reason properly, without violence and threats… To convince a reasonable soul, one does not need a strong arm, or weapons of any kind, or any other means of threatening a person with death…".<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

Como homem da era da comunica\u00e7\u00e3o social, n\u00e3o me custa a imaginar o dia explendoroso de propaganda anti-ocidental que muita gente est\u00e1 a ter podendo apresentar apenas a cita\u00e7\u00e3o selectiva destas palavras na boca do Papa!!! <\/p>\n

Como heresi\u00f3logo amador (aposentado) sinto-me despeitado por o Papa esquecer t\u00e3o convenientemente todas as persegui\u00e7\u00f5es e todos os casos em que o Cristianismo “pediu” a convers\u00e3o e a obedi\u00eancia \u00e0 teologia do momento pelo fio da espada! O Imperador Manuel II Paleologus podia ter uma vis\u00e3o limitada da hist\u00f3ria, mas Ratzinger n\u00e3o tem desculpa. <\/p>\n

\u00c9 interessante notar que v\u00e1rias das posi\u00e7\u00f5es teol\u00f3gicas defendidas pelo Imperador, na cita\u00e7\u00e3o papal, foram consideradas heresia num ou noutro momento da Igreja Cat\u00f3lica Apost\u00f3lica Romana, e pessoas foram \u00e0 fogueira por elas (h\u00e1 pelo menos fortes laivos de docetismo). <\/p>\n

PS: S\u00f3 tenho pena que o trabalho de 20 anos da vida de Francis Arinze<\/a> tenha sido t\u00e3o displicentemente mandado para o saco do lixo, mas estavam \u00e0 espera de qu\u00ea?! <\/p>\n

PPS: Como dizia algu\u00e9m na TV hoje de manh\u00e3: fecharam-se algumas portas e abriu-se um novo capitulo no di\u00e1logo entre as “Tr\u00eas Leis”… <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

O documento na sua plenitude diz respeito ao papel da “raz\u00e3o” na rela\u00e7\u00e3o com Deus. Ir buscar um registo de um imperador bizantino em batalha com tropas isl\u00e2micas, por causa de uma invas\u00e3o ocidental, em que\u00a0este afirma\u00a0que \u00e9 id\u00e9ia original do Isl\u00e3o a convers\u00e3o a fio de espada, para contrapor com a convers\u00e3o pela raz\u00e3o […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[2],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-398","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-oldblog"],"aioseo_notices":[],"views":126,"featured_image_src":"","featured_image_src_square":false,"author_info":{"display_name":"85","author_link":"https:\/\/www.janjos.eu\/85\/author\/85\/"},"rbea_author_info":{"display_name":"85","author_link":"https:\/\/www.janjos.eu\/85\/author\/85\/"},"rbea_excerpt_info":"O documento na sua plenitude diz respeito ao papel da “raz\u00e3o” na rela\u00e7\u00e3o com Deus. Ir buscar um registo de um imperador bizantino em batalha com tropas isl\u00e2micas, por causa de uma invas\u00e3o ocidental, em que\u00a0este afirma\u00a0que \u00e9 id\u00e9ia original do Isl\u00e3o a convers\u00e3o a fio de espada, para contrapor com a convers\u00e3o pela raz\u00e3o […]","category_list":"OldBlog<\/a>","comments_num":"0 comments","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.janjos.eu\/85\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/398","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.janjos.eu\/85\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.janjos.eu\/85\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.janjos.eu\/85\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.janjos.eu\/85\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=398"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.janjos.eu\/85\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/398\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.janjos.eu\/85\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=398"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.janjos.eu\/85\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=398"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.janjos.eu\/85\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=398"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}